The International Monetary Fund's pressure on Kinshasa has led to the first sign of the government buckling. At the end of 2007, President Joseph Kabila's government agreed a US$9 billion deal with a consortium of Chinese companies to build railways and other infrastructure in exchange for access to minerals. The IMF said that it would hold off on any aid to the cash-strapped Treasury until the details of the contract were known and the non-concessional terms and addition to the burden of foreign debt were removed.
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